Heavy metal resistance promotes higher biomass formation in multidrug-resistant wastewater Escherichia coli isolates from Finland
Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha, Riikka Laukkanen‐Ninios, Kirsi‐Maarit Lehto, Päivi Tammela, Annamari Heikinheimo, Cristina D. Cruz
The paper investigates the relationship between heavy metal resistance genes and biofilm formation in wastewater E. coli isolates, finding a positive association between multiple HMRGs and strong biofilm production.
bioRxiv · Mar 18, 2026 · PreprintMicrobiology