Multiomic Profiling of 85 iPSC Lines from Familial Dementia Reveals Cellular Diversity and Regulators of Organoid Development

Abstract

Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are used for disease modeling and therapeutic development, yet their systematic molecular and genetic characterization is uncommon. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS), bulk/single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and DNA methylation analysis on 85 iPSC lines harboring MAPT mutations and corresponding isogenic controls. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed reproducible inter- and intra-line heterogeneity related to quality/pluripotency and nominated surface markers to quantify iPSC subclusters. WGS detected unintended editing events and structural variants, including the 20q21.31 duplication, missed by standard assays. We identified pathways correlated with neural organoid formation efficiency and with genome-editing and clonal-selection effects, underscoring the need to use unedited lines as isogenic controls. This comprehensive dataset improves the utility of the MAPT iPSC collection and provides proof of principle supporting in-depth genomic characterization to improve iPSC utility in biological research.