Subcortical source and modulation of the narrowband gamma oscillation in mouse visual cortex

Primary visual cortex (V1) exhibits two types of gamma rhythm: broadband activity in the 30-90 Hz range, and a narrowband oscillation seen in mice at frequencies close to 60 Hz. We investigated the sources of the narrowband gamma oscillation, the factors modulating its strength, and its relationship to broadband gamma activity. Narrowband and broadband gamma power were uncorrelated. Increasing visual contrast had opposite effects on the two rhythms: it increased broadband activity, but suppressed the narrowband oscillation. The narrowband oscillation was strongest in layer 4, and was mediated primarily by excitatory currents entrained by the synchronous, rhythmic firing of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The power and peak frequency of the narrowband gamma oscillation increased with light intensity. Silencing the cortex optogenetically did not affect narrowband oscillation in either LGN firing or cortical excitatory currents, suggesting that this oscillation reflects unidirectional flow of signals from thalamus to cortex.\n\nHighlights*Local field potential in mouse primary visual cortex exhibits a pronounced narrowband gamma oscillation close to 60 Hz.\n\n*Narrowband gamma is highest in the thalamorecipient layer 4\n\n*Narrowband gamma increases with light intensity and arousal state, and is suppressed by visual contrast.\n\n*Lateral geniculate nucleus neurons fire synchronously at the narrowband gamma frequency, independent of V1 activity.