Outer membrane vesicles from commensal and pathogenic anaerobic bacteria: a systematic review of literature reviews

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are constitutively produced by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), those from pathogenic bacteria play key roles in pathogen-host interactions, modulating hosts immune response and promoting virulence. OMVs of commensal bacteria are fundamental in the maturation of the host immune system and to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the knowledge available on literature reviews on OMVs from anaerobic GNB. The information was classified into categories: induction and biogenesis, OMVs liberation, internalization by host cells, and their interaction. The most studied OMVs are from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides spp.