Distinct genetic signatures of cortical and subcortical regions associated with human memory

Despite the discovery of gene variants linked to memory performance, understanding the genetic basis of human memory remains a challenge. Here, we devised a framework combining human transcriptome data and a functional neuroimaging map to uncover the genetic signatures of memory in functionally-defined cortical and subcortical memory regions. Results were validated with animal literature and our framework proved to be highly effective and specific to the targeted cognitive function versus a control function. Genes preferentially expressed in cortical memory regions are linked to associative learning and ribosome biogenesis. Genes expressed in subcortical memory regions are associated with synaptic signaling and epigenetic processes. Cortical and subcortical regions share a number of memory-related biological processes and genes, e.g. translational initiation and GRIN1. Thus, cortical and subcortical memory regions exhibit distinct genetic signatures that potentially reflect functional differences in health and disease, and propose gene candidates for the targeted treatment of memory disorders.