Revisiting The Ancylostoma caninum Secretome Provides New Information On Hookworm-Host Interactions

Abstract

Hookworm infection is a major tropical parasitic disease affecting almost 500 million people worldwide. These soil-transmitted helminths can survive for many years in the intestine of the host, where they feed on blood, causing iron deficiency anaemia and other complications. To avoid the hosts immune response the parasite releases excretory/secretory products (ESPs), a complex mixture of glycans, lipids and proteins that represent the major host-parasite interface. Using a combination of separation techniques such as SDS-PAGE and OFFGEL electrophoresis, in combination with state-of-the-art mass spectrometry we have reanalysed the dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, ESPs (AcES). We identified 315 proteins present in the AcES, compared with just 105 identified in previous studies. The most highly represented family of proteins is the SCP/TAPs (90 of the 315 proteins), and the most abundant constituents of AcES are homologues of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMP) family. We identified putative vaccine candidates and proteins that could have immunomodulatory effects for treating inflammatory diseases. This study provides novel information about the proteins involved in host-hookworm interactions, and constitutes a comprehensive dataset for the development of vaccines and the discovery of new immunoregulatory biologics.