Cannabidiol prevents the locomotor sensitization induced by cocaine and caffeine and upregulates genes of extracellular matrix and anti-inflammatory pathways in the nucleus accumbens: a transcriptome-wide analysis

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid found in the Cannabis plant, has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for psychostimulant use disorders. In recent work, we demonstrated that CBD is able to attenuate the expression of locomotor sensitization and the enhanced metabolic activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) generated by the combination of cocaine and caffeine. CDB interacts directly or indirectly with several molecular targets, so the underlying mechanisms of its beneficial effects are hard to determine. Here we used high-throughput RNA-sequencing in mices NAc after a sensitization protocol with combined cocaine plus caffeine and a CBD pre-treatment, to identify the major pathways and genes involved in CBD attenuating behavioral effects. Results indicated that CBD pretreatment consistently reduced both the acquisition and expression of cocaine and caffeine locomotor sensitization. The transcriptome analysis revealed that CBD pre-treatment enriched genes and functional association between proteins mainly related to extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and cell interactions in the NAc. Moreover, the neuroinflammation and BDNF signaling pathways were also influenced by CBD. Some specially enriched genes such as Tnc were identified as interesting specific candidates for follow-up studies. These findings provide valuable and novel insights into molecular mechanisms of CBD putatively associated with a protective effect on psychostimulant actions. A better understanding of the therapeutic targets of CBD can open new avenues for psychostimulant use disorder treatment strategies.