Regional cerebral arterial elasticity is associated with cardiovascular health in cognitively healthy older adults

Abstract

Ageing is often associated with a decline in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health. This study examines the relationship between cerebral arterial elasticity and measures of cardiovascular health, as well as longitudinal changes in cerebral arterial elasticity over a 1.5 year interval. The pulse relaxation function (PReFx) is a measure of regional cerebral arterial elasticity derived using diffuse optical tomography (pulse-DOT). PReFx was measured over the anterior brain, including the frontal lobes and anterior sections of temporal and parietal regions that are especially vulnerable to vascular and cognitive ageing. We examined relationships between PReFx and measures of four cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF; i.e., hypertension, cholesterol, diabetes, obesity), as well as CVRF burden (i.e., number of CVRFs) in the highly active and cognitively healthy ACTIVate cohort (60-70 years). We replicated the well-established relationship between PReFx and both age and cardiorespiratory fitness, and examined associations between PReFx, measures of cardiovascular health and CVRF burden. Higher CVRF burden was linearly associated with lower cerebral arterial elasticity. The relationship between age and cerebral arterial elasticity was partially mediated by pulse pressure, an index of hypertension. PReFx declined significantly in as little as 1.5 years, and the effect did not vary with baseline level of any of the four CVRFs. We conclude that PReFx shows promise as a putative biomarker for monitoring cerebrovascular ageing in healthy older adults.