Intrinsic temporal tuning of neurons in the optic tectum is shaped by multisensory experience

Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity is often described as an adjustment of neuronal excitability to maintain stable spiking output. Here we report that intrinsic plasticity in the tectum of Xenopus tadpoles also supports temporal tuning, wherein neurons independently adjust spiking responses to fast and slow patterns of synaptic activation. Using the dynamic clamp technique, and five different types of visual, acoustic, and multisensory conditioning, we show that in tadpoles exposed to light flashes, tectal neurons became selective for fast synaptic inputs, while neurons exposed to looming and multisensory stimuli remained responsive to longer inputs. We also report a homeostatic co-tuning between synaptic and intrinsic temporal properties in tectal cells, as neurons that naturally received fast synaptic inputs tended to be most responsive to long-lasting synaptic conductances, and the other way around. These results expand our understanding of plasticity in the brain, and inform future work on the mechanisms of sensorimotor transformation. Significance statementWith the recent explosion of work in neural connectivity reconstruction and biologically inspired deep learning, most researchers concentrate on the topology of connections between neurons, rather than on differences in neuronal tuning. Here we show that in a sensory network in Xenopus tadpoles, different neurons are tuned, and respond stronger, to either short or long synaptic inputs. This tuning tended to be opposite to the actual dynamics of synaptic inputs each cell received, such that neurons that normally receive shorter inputs generated stronger spiking in response to longer testing currents, and the other way around. This observation shows that even in networks that dont generate oscillations, neurons reshape their temporal selectivity, to optimize their impact on distributed calculations.