Acute Metabolic Switch by High-Dose Dehydroascorbic Acid: Rapid TCA Cycle Depletion and Early Signature of Methionine Trap within 1 Hour in KRAS-Mutant Cells

Abstract

Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), the oxidized form of vitamin C, exhibits specific toxicity against KRAS-mutant cancer cells; however, the early metabolic reprogramming mechanisms leading to cell death remain incompletely understood. In this study, we reveal the non-linear, dose-dependent response of the intracellular metabolome during the ultra-early phase of 1-hour DHA exposure. Under 1 mM DHA exposure, an early significant accumulation of the primary catabolite erythrulose (p = 0.030) and moderate consumption of glutamate (p = 0.0086) were observed, while core TCA cycle homeostasis and cell viability were preserved. In contrast, under 10 mM DHA exposure, an acute and profound alteration of the metabolic profile was observed. Along with the significant accumulation of glycerate, indicative of a glycolytic blockade, and the terminal peroxidation product oxalate, core TCA cycle intermediates such as -ketoglutarate and malate showed rapid depletion (Log2FC < -2.0, p < 10-7). Furthermore, coupled with this acute energy depletion, a statistically significant accumulation of free methionine (Log2FC = 1.14, p = 0.011), which was below the limit of detection in the control, was identified alongside profound depletions of glutamate (p < 0.001) and cysteine (p = 0.0027). These results strongly suggest that the initial response to high-dose DHA is not merely a linear accumulation of oxidative stress, but rather an "abrupt metabolic switch" characterized by rapid TCA cycle dysfunction followed by the early signature of a methionine trap.