CD44 Controls Endothelial Proliferation and Functions as Endogenous Inhibitor of Angiogenesis

CD44 transmembrane glycoprotein is involved in angiogenesis, but it is not clear whether CD44 functions as a pro- or antiangiogenic molecule. Here, we assess the role of CD44 in angiogenesis and endothelial proliferation by using Cd44-null mice and CD44 silencing in human endothelial cells. We demonstrate that angiogenesis is increased in Cd44-null mice compared to either wild-type or heterozygous animals. Silencing of CD44 expression in cultured endothelial cells results in their augmented proliferation and viability. The growth-suppressive effect of CD44 is mediated by its extracellular domain and is independent of its hyaluronan binding function. CD44-mediated effect on cell proliferation is independent of specific angiogenic growth factor stimulation. These results show that CD44 expression on endothelial cells constrains endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Thus, endothelial CD44 might serve as a therapeutic target both in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, where endothelial protection is desired, as well as in cancer treatment, due to its antiangiogenic properties.