MicroRNAs and mRNA Regulatory Network of Parenchymal Hematoma after Endovascular Mechanical Reperfusion for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Rat

Hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular thrombectomy predicts poor outcomes in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. The roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of parenchymal hematoma (PH) are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the microRNA and mRNA regulatory network associated with PH after mechanical reperfusion in the animal stroke model and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. Twenty-five microRNAs were assessed in the reperfusion-induced hemorrhage model in rats with hyperglycemic conditions receiving 5-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion. Thirteen down-regulated microRNAs (miRNA-29a-5p, miRNA-29c-3p, miRNA-126a-5p, miRNA-132-3p, miRNA-136-3p, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-153-5p, miRNA-218a-5p, miRNA-219a-2-3p, miRNA-369-5p, miRNA-376a-5p, miRNA-376b-5p, miRNA-383-5p) and one up-regulated microRNA (miRNA-195-3p) were found in rat peri-infarct with PH. Ten of these 14 PH-related microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in at least two of five models of neuron, astrocyte, microglia, BMEC, and pericyte after OGD/R, consistent with the animal model results. Thirty-one predicted hub target genes were significantly differentially expressed in rat peri-infarct with PH. Forty-nine microRNA-mRNA regulatory axes of PH were revealed, which were related to the mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune, and inflammation. Simultaneously differentially expressed microRNAs and related genes in several cells of the neurovascular unit may serve as valuable targets for PH after endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke.