Activity dynamics allow early discrimination of infection-related survival outcomes

Abstract

Predicting transitions between health, disease, and death across biological systems remains an important challenge with significant implications for both ecological management and medical intervention. Although the principles underlying these transitions are increasingly recognised, accurate and tractable dynamical indicators of health-to-disease transitions remain rare, especially at the level of individual organisms. Here, we use dynamical statistical indicators of high-resolution activity time series to predict infection-related mortality. By analysing locomotor activity data from infected Drosophila melanogaster flies, we find that individual dynamical indicators, such as the mean, variance, autocorrelation, and permutation entropy, differed between flies that survived and those that died during the experiment. When these indicators were used to train a Random Forest model, the classifier performed well (AUC = 0.94), demonstrating an accuracy of 87.9% in discriminating between infected flies that would die from infection and those that would survive, with the strongest discriminatory power detected over 12 hours prior to death. Our findings show that combining these easy-to-compute, dynamical statistical indicators with machine learning enhances the ability to predict health deterioration in the Drosophila model. Conceptually, our findings emphasize that the integration of dynamical statistical metrics from physiological or behavioural time-series with machine learning approaches may offer a promising avenue for real-time health monitoring in both ecological and clinical settings. HighlightsO_LIHigh-resolution locomotor activity time series distinguish infected flies that live or die C_LIO_LISimple dynamical indicators (mean, SD, CV, lag-1 autocorrelation) jointly improve outcome discrimination C_LIO_LIPermutation entropy declines over time and is reduced in flies approaching acute infection-related death C_LIO_LIRandom Forest models classify infection survival outcomes with high accuracy (AUC 0.94) C_LIO_LIDivergence in activity dynamics is detectable over 12-16 hours before death in flies that succumb to infection C_LI