Strategies and Techniques for Quality Control and Semantic Enrichment with Multimodal Data: A Case Study in Colorectal Cancer with eHDPrep

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWO_ST_ABSBO_SCPLOWACKGROUNDC_SCPLOWC_ST_ABSIntegration of data from multiple domains can greatly enhance the quality and applicability of knowledge generated in analysis workflows. However, working with health data is challenging, requiring careful preparation in order to support meaningful interpretation and robust results. Ontologies encapsulate relationships between variables that can enrich the semantic content of health datasets to enhance interpretability and inform downstream analyses. FO_SCPLOWINDINGSC_SCPLOWWe developed an R package for electronic Health Data preparation eHDPrep, demonstrated upon a multi-modal colorectal cancer dataset (n=661 patients, n=155 variables; Colo-661). eHDPrep offers user-friendly methods for quality control, including internal consistency checking and redundancy removal with information-theoretic variable merging. Semantic enrichment functionality is provided, enabling generation of new informative meta-variables according to ontological common ancestry between variables, demonstrated with SNOMED CT and the Gene Ontology in the current study. eHDPrep also facilitates numerical encoding, variable extraction from free-text, completeness analysis and user review of modifications to the dataset. CO_SCPLOWONCLUSIONC_SCPLOWeHDPrep provides effective tools to assess and enhance data quality, laying the foundation for robust performance and interpretability in downstream analyses. Application to a multi-modal colorectal cancer dataset resulted in improved data quality, structuring, and robust encoding, as well as enhanced semantic information. We make eHDPrep available as an R package from CRAN [[URL will go here]].