Regulation of intercellular TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 protein transport in the Arabidopsis root

Abstract

Intercellular communication coordinates hypophysis establishment in the Arabidopsis embryo. Previously, TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 7 (TMO7) was reported to be transported to the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root cap, and RNA suppression experiment implicated its function in embryonic root development. However, it remained unclear what protein properties and mechanisms mediate TMO7 protein transport, and what role the movement plays in development. Here, we report that in the post-embryonic root, TMO7 and its close relatives are transported into the root cap through plasmodesmata in a sequence, but not size dependent manner. We also show that nuclear residence is critical for TMO7 transport, and postulate that modification, potentially phosphorylation, labels TMO7 for transport. Additionally, three novel CRISPR/Cas9-induced tmo7 alleles confirmed a role in hypophysis division, but suggest complex redundancies with close relatives in root formation. Finally, we demonstrate that TMO7 transport is biologically meaningful, as local expression partially restores hypophysis division in a plasmodesmatal protein transport mutant. Our study identifies motifs and amino acids critical for TMO7 protein transport and establishes the importance of TMO7 in hypophysis and root development.\n\nSummary StatementUnique protein motifs, subcellular localization and post-translational modification, rather than protein size regulate plasmodesmatal transport of TMO7 family proteins during Arabidopsis root development.