DMT alters cortical travelling waves

Abstract

Psychedelic drugs are potent modulators of conscious states and therefore powerful tools for investigating their neurobiology. N,N, Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a particularly interesting serotonergic psychedelic that can rapidly induce an extremely immersive state of consciousness characterized by vivid and elaborate visual imagery. In the present study, we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of the DMT-induced altered state, by recording EEG signals from a pool of participants receiving DMT and (separately) placebo (saline), intravenously, while instructed to keep their eyes closed (i.e. resting state). Consistent with our prior hypotheses, results revealed a spatio-temporal pattern of cortical activation (i.e., travelling waves) similar to that elicited by visual stimulation. Moreover, the typical top-down alpha-band rhythms of closed-eyes rest (i.e. a backward travelling wave) were significantly decreased, while the bottom-up forward travelling wave, was significantly increased. These results support a recent model proposing that psychedelics reduce the precision-weighting of priors, thus altering the balance of top-down versus bottom-up information passing, where properties of backward waves are considered correlates of this precision weighting. The robust hypothesis-confirming nature of the present findings imply the discovery of an important mechanistic principle underpinning psychedelic-induced altered states - i.e. reduced backward and increased forward travelling waves - and lend further support to prior assumptions about the functional significance of cortical travelling waves.