Reduced Folate Carrier 1 (RFC1/Slc19a1) Suppression Exacerbates Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Experimental Ischemic Stroke in Adult Mice

Abstract

The Reduced Folate Carrier 1 (RFC1), also called solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1/SLC19a1), is recognized for transporting folates across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). RFC1 has recently been defined as a hypoxia-immune related gene whose expression levels were induced by acute retinal ischemia, suggesting that RFC1 may have a role in the response of the brain to ischemic injury. Despite a recent human meta-analysis suggesting an association between certain RFC1 polymorphisms and the risk of silent brain infarctions, preclinical evidence concerning the potential role of RFC1 in acute ischemic stroke has yet to be presented. To investigate this, we first characterized RFC1 protein expression in mouse microvessels and pericytes which play significant roles in stroke pathophysiology. Then, we examined the temporal (1-h, 24-h, and 48-h) and spatial (infarct, periinfarct, contralateral) expression of RFC1 protein in the intraluminal transient middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. Finally, we knocked down RFC1 protein with RFC1-siRNA in the potential periinfarct region before induction of ischemia and investigated BBB integrity and infarct size in vivo via 7T-MRI. Moreover, we utilized a pharmacological modulation-methotrexate, a non-covalent inhibitor of RFC1- to further investigate the role of RFC1 in maintaining BBB integrity. Our study revealed that, i) RFC1 protein levels were dynamic throughout the acute phases of ischemic stroke, ii) RFC1 suppression aggravated the BBB leakage during ischemia. These results emphases the role of RFC1 in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and supports the evidence from human studies.