Temporal single-cell transcriptomes of zebrafish spinal cord pMN progenitors reveal distinct neuronal and glial progenitor populations

Abstract

Ventral spinal cord progenitor cells, which express the basic helix loop helix transcription factor Olig2, sequentially produce motor neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Following specification some OPCs differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes while others persist as OPCs. Though a considerable amount of work has described the molecular profiles that define motor neurons, OPCs, and oligodendrocytes, less is known about the progenitors that produce them. To identify the developmental origins and transcriptional profiles of motor neurons and OPCs, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on isolated pMN cells from embryonic zebrafish trunk tissue at stages that encompassed motor neurogenesis, OPC specification, and initiation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Downstream analyses revealed two distinct pMN progenitor populations: one that appears to produce neurons and one that appears to produce OPCs. This latter population, called Pre-OPCs, is marked by expression of GS Homeobox 2 (gsx2), a gene that encodes a homeobox transcription factor. Using fluorescent in situ hybridizations, we identified gsx2-expressing Pre-OPCs in the spinal cord prior to expression of canonical OPC marker genes. Our data therefore reveal heterogeneous gene expression profiles among pMN progenitors, supporting prior fate mapping evidence. HighlightsO_LISingle-cell RNA sequencing reveals the developmental trajectories of neurons and glia that arise from spinal cord pMN progenitor cells in zebrafish embryos C_LIO_LITranscriptionally distinct subpopulations of pMN progenitors are the apparent sources of neurons or oligodendrocytes, consistent with fate mapping data C_LIO_LIgsx2 expression marks pMN progenitors that produce oligodendrocyte lineage cells C_LI