Functional Imaging of Developing Brain in Mice and Non-Human Primates

Abstract

Despite significant advances in structural and genetic studies, investigations of early embryonic functions, such as brain activity, have long been constrained by technical challenges. Functional ultrasound (fUS) has emerged as a breakthrough modality, enabling real-time monitoring of brain activity with exceptional spatial and temporal resolution and offering unprecedented opportunities for studying functional embryonic development. In this study, we used fUS to monitor whole-embryo activity in mice from embryonic days E8.5 to E18.5, revealing patterns of neural activity throughout embryogenesis. This approach provides new opportunities to explore brain development dynamically as it unfolds. Moreover, we observed embryo responses to external stimuli, including sound, in both mice and cynomolgus macaques, offering insights into early sensory processing and neural maturation. In summary, our study establishes fUS as a powerful tool for studying embryonic brain functional development, with significant implications for scientific research, especially in non- human primate models, and clinical applications.