C. Stenfeldt

Into the deep (sequence) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus gene pool: bottlenecks and adaptation during infection in naïve and vaccinated cattle

This study analyzes FMDV quasispecies dynamics in vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle, finding vaccination leads to early bottlenecks and reduced viral diversity, while non-vaccinated animals show more genetic diversity and adaptation.

The evolution of a super-swarm of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle

This study tracks FMDV evolution in cattle, finding that viral haplotypes shift early in infection but stabilize later, with mutations and minority haplotype emergence driving diversity.