Structural basis of CD28 and CTLA-4 interactions with CD80, CD86, and the CD80-PD-L1 heterodimer on artificial and cellular membranes
Gu Min Han, Chan Seok Lim, Jie‐Oh Lee
This study determines the cryo-EM structures of CD28 and CTLA-4 interacting with B7-family ligands on membranes, revealing how membrane geometry and ligand binding affect immune checkpoint signaling.
bioRxiv · Apr 1, 2026 · PreprintImmunology