Failure of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Therapy in Patients with Bladder Cancer is Characterized by Immune Dysfunction Associated with Activator Protein 1
Andrew Garven, Jean‐François Paré, Alexandra Robins, Ana Vera-Rodríguez, Rohan Sampy, Arianna Bennett, Richard W. Nauman, Andrew W. Craig, Peter A. Greer, Madhuri Koti, Tiziana Cotechini, David Monty Berman, Amber Simpson, Lynne-Marie M Postovit, D. Robert Siemens, Charles H. Graham
This study identifies immune dysfunction linked to AP-1 in BCG non-responders with NMIBC, suggesting pre-existing immunosenescence contributes to early recurrence.
bioRxiv · May 10, 2026 · PreprintCancer Biology