Dan Caraí Maia Viola

This study shows HMGB1 promotes macrophage recruitment and worsens intervertebral disc degeneration after injury, with knockout mice showing reduced mechanical and structural damage.

This study shows that prolonged NF-κB activation in intervertebral discs causes severe degeneration by increasing inflammation, catabolic enzymes, and macrophage recruitment, with some mitigation by inflammatory-resolving macrophages.