The Lower γ Region Ensures Unidirectional Rotation and Torque Generation in the Latter Half of the 80° Substep of F1-ATPase
Tomo Uchiyama, Hiroshi Ueno, Meghna Sobti, Emily Furlong, Simon H. J. Brown, Alastair G. Stewart, Hiroyuki Noji
This paper investigates the role of the lower γ region in F1-ATPase rotation, finding it contributes to unidirectional rotation and torque generation specifically in the latter half of the 0-80° step.
bioRxiv · May 12, 2026 · PreprintBiophysics