Causal, Predictive or Observational? Different Understandings of Key Event Relationships for Adverse Outcome Pathways and Their Implications on Practice
Zheng Zhou, Jeroen L. A. Pennings, Ullrika Sahlin
This study examines the use of causal, observational, and predictive terms in Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) and highlights discrepancies between terminology and practice in inferring causality.