Yukio Nishimura

This study examines CST reorganization in macaques after partial spinal cord injury, showing axonal sprouting and re-direction in both rostral and caudal spinal segments contributing to recovery of finger dexterity.

The paper shows that primary motor cortex encodes future spinal reflexes to coordinate with afferent signals and muscle activity during movement.

This study shows spinal stimulation enhances or suppresses muscle activity during voluntary torque tasks in monkeys, depending on torque direction and voluntary muscle activity levels.

The paper shows the motor cortex drives muscle activity through both direct and trans-afferent pathways, implementing internal models for movement control.