Effects of IgG and IgM autoantibodies on non-infected erythrocytes is related to ABO blood group in Plasmodium vivax malaria and is associated with anemia

Autoantibodies play an important role in the destruction of non-infected red blood cells (nRBCs) during malaria. However, the relationship between this clearance and ABO blood groups is yet to be fully enlightened, especially for Plasmodium vivax infections. Here we show that anti-RBC IgG and IgM are increased in anemic patients with acute vivax malaria. Furthermore, both antibodies are able to decrease the deformability of nRBCs, but only IgG can induce in vitro erythrophagocytosis. Such effects are enhanced in type O erythrocytes, suggesting that individuals from this blood group infected with P. vivax malaria may be more susceptible to develop anemia.