CRISPR/Cas9 targeting Ttc30a mimics ciliary chondrodysplasia with polycystic kidney disease.

Skeletal ciliopathies (e.g. Jeune syndrome, short rib polydactyly syndrome, Sensenbrenner syndrome) are frequently associated with cystic kidney disease and other organ manifestations, but a common molecular mechanism has remained elusive. We established two models for skeletal ciliopathies (ift80 and ift172) in Xenopus tropicalis, which exhibited severe limb deformities, polydactyly, cystic kidneys, and ciliogenesis defects, closely matching the phenotype of affected patients. Employing data-mining and an in silico screen we identified candidate genes with similar molecular properties to genetically validated skeletal ciliopathy genes. Among four genes experimentally validated, CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of ttc30a replicated all aspects of the phenotypes observed in the models of genetically confirmed disease genes, including ciliary defects, limb deformations and cystic kidney disease. Our findings establish three new models for skeletal ciliopathies (ift80, ift172, ttc30a) and identify TTC30A/B as an essential node in the network of ciliary chondrodysplasia and nephronophthisis-like disease proteins implicating post-translational tubulin modifications in its pathogenesis.