Structural characterization of the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa MexR-mexR repressor-operator complex: a small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering perspective

Abstract

The rapid spread of acquired multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria is a world-wide health threat. The MexR protein regulates the expression of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, which actively extrudes chemical compounds with high toxicity to the host organism Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. In repression mode, two MexR dimers bind to an operator with two homologous pseudo-palindromic boxes located in proximity (named PI and PII). Here we report a first structural characterization of the complex in solution using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rigid body modelling. The spacing between the PI and PII boxes is rich in AT base pairs indicate possible flexibility between the two MexR dimer binding sites. In agreement, our best modelling fits show a requirement for DNA bending between the two MexR binding sites to optimally fit SAS data as well as known biological properties of the MexR operons. Taken together, this study contributes to better understanding of the structural properties of bacterial operators and their repressor proteins.