Immunomodulatory activity of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) leaf diethyl ether and methanol extracts on Salmonella typhi infected mice and LPS-induced phagocytic activities of macrophages and neutrophils

Infections due to salmonella strains constitute one of the major health problems in humans, particularly in Africa. Use of traditional herbs has proven effective in reducing the incidence of infection in some high-risk groups. To assess the effects of Momordica charantia leaf extracts that influence blood infestation, in vitro study of the effect on macrophages and neutrophils, and treatment of mouse model of S. typhi infection was done. Methanol and diethyl ether extracts were concerned by this study. In vitro study was to assess the effects of extracts on phagocytosis and related intracellular killing mechanisms of macrophages were examined. Later, mobilization of leukocytes and production of antibodies against S. typhi were measured followed by quantitating cultures evaluation of the blood infestation of orally inoculated mice with S. thyphi. Ingestion or attachment of carbon particles, production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide and that of lysosomal acid phosphatase by macrophages and neutrophils were significantly increased by methanol and diethyl extracts at concentrations ranging from 40 g/ml to 640 g/ml. Antibody titer and mobilization of leukocytes, particularly lymphocytes against S. typhi were highly increased by both methanol and diethyl extracts at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. In the same the extracts have reduced the rate of blood infestation in mice inoculated with 108 CFU of S. typhi for 28 days. Reduction in blood infestation rates was similar for levamisole mice group. Results of this study should prove useful of leave of Momordica charantia for treatment of infections by salmonella strains and for assessment of drugs for therapeutic intervention.