Recommendations for Automating Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry Measurements using Data-Independent Acquisition Methods

Abstract

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS) is a method used to study solution-phase protein structure and dynamics. Despite its many applications, HX-MS is limited in throughput because manual data analysis is still the norm. We previously developed HX-MS2 technology to add a second dimension of deuteration data and promote automated data processing. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) techniques enable this approach, but we require optimized methods for best performance. Using an Orbitrap Eclipse for illustration, we show that ion optics and collision energy settings typical of a proteomics DIA experiment generate maximal peptide retrieval from the DIA library. As few as three MS2 sequence ions are sufficient to generate a deuteration measurement with a precision that exceeds what is possible in traditional HX-MS. DIA window sizes are based on the chromatographic resolution of the method. An inter-scan window offset method is the recommended default configuration for most HX-DIA applications, but an intra-scan overlap method can be tuned for highest performance and is recommended when maximum peptide retrieval is desired. A fully automated HX-MS2 solution consists of Trajan HDX automation technology, an Orbitrap Eclipse mass spectrometer and AutoHX software. We demonstrate its robustness on an extensive time-course analysis of phosphorylase B and an epitope analysis of single domain antibodies (VHHs, nanobodies) specific to the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV2 spike protein.