Comparison of concurrent and asynchronous running kinematics and kinetics from marker-based motion capture and markerless motion capture under two clothing conditions

As markerless motion capture is increasingly used to measure three-dimensional human pose, it is important to understand how markerless results can be interpreted alongside historical marker-based data and how they are impacted by clothing. We compared concurrent running kinematics and kinetics between marker-based and markerless motion capture, and between two markerless clothing conditions. Thirty adults ran on an instrumented treadmill wearing motion capture clothing while concurrent marker-based and markerless data were recorded, and ran a second time wearing athletic clothing (shorts and t-shirt) while markerless data were recorded. Differences calculated between the concurrent signals from both systems, and also between each participants mean signals from both asynchronous clothing conditions were summarized across all participants using root-mean-square differences. Most kinematic and kinetic signals were visually consistent between systems and markerless clothing conditions. Between systems, joint center positions differed by 3 cm or less, sagittal plane joint angles differed by 5{degrees} or less, and frontal and transverse plane angles differed by 5{degrees}-10{degrees}. Joint moments differed by 0.3 Nm/kg or less between systems. Differences were sensitive to segment coordinate system definitions, highlighting the effects of these definitions when comparing against historical data or other motion capture modalities.