In vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Drug Combinations against Multidrug-resistant Candida auris isolates from New York Outbreak

Abstract

Since 2016, New York hospitals and healthcare facilities have faced an unprecedented outbreak of pathogenic yeast Candida auris. We tested over one thousand C. auris isolates from affected facilities and found high-resistance to fluconazole (FLC, MIC50>256 mg/L), and variable resistance to other antifungal drugs. Therefore, we evaluated if two-drug combinations are effective in vitro against multidrug-resistant C. auris. Broth micro-dilution (BMD) plates were custom-designed, and quality controlled by TREK Diagnostic System. We used MIC100 endpoints for the drug combination readings as reported earlier for the intra- and inter-laboratory agreements against Candida species and Aspergillus fumigatus. The study results were derived from 12,960 MIC100 readings, for fifteen C. auris isolates tested against 864 possible two-drug antifungal combinations for nine antifungal drugs. Flucytosine (5FC) at 1.0 mg/L potentiated the most successful combinations with other drugs. Micafungin (MFG), Anidulafungin (AFG), Caspofungin (CAS) at individual concentrations of 0.25 mg/L in combination with 5FC (1.0 mg/L) yielded MIC100 for 14, 13, and 12 of 15 C. auris test isolates. AMB / 5FC (0.25/1.0 mg/L) yielded MIC100 for 13 isolates. None of the combinations were effective for C. auris 18-1, which tested resistant against FLC and 5FC, except POS/5FC (0.12/1.0 mg/L). The simplified two-drug combination susceptibility test format would permit laboratories to provide clinicians and public health experts with additional data to deal with multidrug-resistant C. auris.