Human DUX4 and mouse Dux interact with STAT1 and broadly inhibit interferon-stimulated gene induction

Abstract

DUX4 activates the first wave of zygotic gene expression in the early embryo. Mis-expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle causes facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD), whereas expression in cancers suppresses IFN{gamma}-induction of MHC Class I and contributes to immune evasion. We show that the DUX4 protein interacts with STAT1 and broadly suppresses expression of IFN{gamma} stimulated genes by decreasing bound STAT1 and Pol-II recruitment. Transcriptional suppression of ISGs requires conserved (L)LxxL(L) motifs in the carboxyterminal region of DUX4 and phosphorylation of STAT1 Y701 enhances interaction with DUX4. Consistent with these findings, expression of endogenous DUX4 in FSHD muscle cells and the CIC-DUX4 fusion containing the DUX4 CTD in a sarcoma cell line inhibit IFN{gamma}-induction of ISGs. Mouse Dux similarly interacted with STAT1 and suppressed IFN{gamma} induction of ISGs. These findings identify an evolved role of the DUXC family in modulating immune signaling pathways with implications for development, cancers, and FSHD.