Conserved heterodimeric GTPase Rbg1/Tma46 promotes efficient translation in eukaryotic cells

Abstract

Conserved developmentally-regulated GTP-binding (Drg) proteins and their binding partner Dfrp proteins are known to be important for embryonic development, cellular growth control, differentiation and proliferation. Here, we report that the yeast Drg1/Dfrp1 ortholog, Rbg1/Tma46, facilitates translational initiation, elongation and termination via suppressing prolonged ribosome pausing. Consistent with the genome-wide observations, Rbg1 reverses the growth defect resulting from translation stalling and stabilizes mRNAs against no-go decay. Furthermore, we provide a cryoEM structure of the 80S ribosome bound with Rbg1/Tma46 that reveals the molecular interactions responsible for Rbg1/Tma46 function. The Rbg1 subunit binds to the GTPase association center of the ribosome and the A-tRNA, and the N-terminal zinc finger domain of Tma46 subunit binds to the 40S, establishing an interaction critical for the complex ribosomal association. Our results answer the fundamental question on how a paused ribosome resumes translation and show that Drg1/Dfrp1 proteins play a critical role in ensuring orderly translation.