The Hippo pathway effector Taz is required for cell fate specification and fertilization in zebrafish

Abstract

In the last decade, Hippo signaling has emerged as a critical pathway integrating extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cues to regulate cell proliferation and survival, tissue morphology and organ size in vivo. Despite its essential role in organogenesis, surprisingly much less is known about how it connects biomechanical signals to control of cell fate and cell size during development. Here we unravel a novel and unexpected role of the Hippo pathway effector Taz (wwtr1) in the control of cell size and cell fate specification. In teleosts, fertilization occurs through a specific structure at the animal pole, called the micropyle. This opening in the chorion is formed during oogenesis by a specialized somatic follicle cell, the micropylar cell (MC). The MC has a peculiar shape and is much larger than its neighboring follicle cells but the mechanisms underlying its specification and cell shape acquisition are not known. Here we show that Taz is essential for the specification of the MC and subsequent micropyle formation in zebrafish. We identify Taz as the first bona fide MC marker and show that Taz is specifically and strongly enriched in the MC precursor before the cell can be identified morphologically. Altogether, our genetic data and molecular characterization of the MC lead us to propose that Taz is a key regulator of the MC fate activated by physical cues emanating from the oocyte to initiate the MC morphogenetic program. We describe here for the first time the mechanism underlying the specification of the MC fate.