Microgels enable iPSCs to assemble, expand, and differentiate into organoids -- from sizable to high throughput

Organoid research holds tremendous potential for personalized medicine and drug development. However, current limitations include reproducibility issues largely due to the use of biologically derived materials, which are prone to batch-to-batch variations. Here, we report a new technology for human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based organoid production with iPSC expansion and differentiation in the same construct in a reproducible and scalable manner, compatible with high-throughput automation. Chemically defined poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based microgels are produced via parallelized step-emulsification microfluidics, enabling scalable production. This approach leverages the self-organization of iPSCs with microgels to build three-dimensional constructs, driven by robust cell-material interactions achieved through vitronectin-coated PEG microgels. This technology allows the iPSCs to expand and retain their pluripotency, after which they can be differentiated into the three germ layers, providing a suitable platform for organoid differentiation. This was further extended by differentiation into cardiac organoids and retinal photoreceptors to demonstrate two exemplary tissues.