Biomechanical property of limbal niche maintains stemness through YAP

Stem cells (SCs) decision to self-renew or differentiate largely depends on the external control of their niche. However, the complex mechanisms that underlie this crosstalk are poorly understood. To address this question, we focused on the corneal epithelial SC model in which the SC niche, known as the limbus, is spatially segregated from the differentiation compartment. We report that the unique biomechanical property of the limbus supports the nuclear localization and function of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a putative mediator of the mechanotransduction pathway. Perturbation of tissue stiffness or YAP activity affects SC function as well as tissue integrity under homeostasis and significantly inhibited the regeneration of the SC population following SC depletion. In vitro experiments revealed that substrates with the rigidity of the corneal differentiation compartment inhibit YAP localization and induce differentiation, a mechanism that is mediated by the TGF{beta}-SMAD2/3 pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that SC sense biomechanical niche signals and that manipulation of mechano-sensory machinery or its downstream biochemical output may bear fruits in SC expansion for regenerative therapy. HighlightsO_LIYAP is essential for limbal SC function, regeneration, and dedifferentiation C_LIO_LILox over-expression stiffens the limbal niche, affects SC phenotype and corneal integrity C_LIO_LICorneal rigidity represses YAP and stemness in a SMAD2/3-dependent manner C_LIO_LIManipulation of mechanosensory or TGF-{beta} pathway influences limbal SC expansion in vitro C_LI