Plasma triacylglycerol length and saturation level mark healthy aging groups in humans

Abstract

Complex lipids, essential components in biological processes, exhibit conserved age-related changes that alter membrane properties, cellular functions, and are implicated as biomarkers and contributors to longevity and age-related diseases. While physical activity alleviates age-related comorbidities and physical impairments, comprehensive exploration of the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly at the level of complex lipids, remains limited. However, clinical studies suggest that physical activity may counteract these age-related lipidomic changes, presenting a promising avenue for intervention. We performed lipidomic profiling of plasma from an extensively characterized cohort of young and aged individuals. Annotating 1446 unique lipid species across 24 lipid classes we found the most prominent difference in older adults was an accumulation of triacylglycerols (TGs), with lower physical activity levels associated with higher TG levels in plasma and reduced physical functionality. Remarkably, lipid species in the TG class did not accumulate uniformly. Rather, our study unveiled a negative correlation between higher physical activity levels and TGs with shorter chain length and more double bonds in this demographic. Overall, our research highlights that plasma TG length and saturation level can help mark healthy aging groups in humans. These findings deepen our understanding of how aging affects complex lipids, and the influence of physical activity on this process.