Infrared Nanospectroscopy Reveals the Molecular Interaction Fingerprint of an Aggregation Inhibitor with Single Aβ42 Oligomers

Very significant efforts have been devoted in the last twenty years to developing compounds that can interfere with the aggregation pathways of proteins related to misfolding disorders, including Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases. However, no disease-modifying drug has become available for clinical use to date for these conditions. One of the main reasons for this failure is the incomplete knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the process by which small molecules interact with protein aggregates and interfere with their aggregation pathways. Here, we leverage the single molecule level morphological and chemical sensitivity of infrared nanospectroscopy to provide the first direct measurement of the interaction between single A{beta}42 oligomeric and fibrillar species and an aggregation inhibitor, bexarotene, originally an anticancer drug capable recently shown to be able to inhibit A{beta}42 aggregation in animal models of Alzheimers disease. Our results demonstrate that the carbonyl group of this compound interacts with A{beta}42 aggregates through a single hydrogen bond. These results establish infrared nanospectroscopy as powerful tool in structure-based drug discovery for protein misfolding diseases.