Ferroptosis mediates the progression of hyperuricemic nephropathy by activating RAGE signaling

Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) represents a prevalent complication arising from hyperuricemia, typified by tubular dysfunction, inflammation, and progressive renal fibrosis, whose pathogenic mechanisms remain enigmatic. Ferroptosis, a newly elucidated iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, plays a role in various disease states. However, its involvement in HN has seldom been explored. In this study, we observed indications of ferroptosis in the renal tissues of urate oxidase knockout (UOX-/-) mice, a model of hyperuricemia, as evidenced by increased iron deposition and reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). These findings suggest a substantial role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of HN. To further explore this hypothesis, UOX-/- mice were administered Ferrostatin-1, a known inhibitor ferroptosis. This treatment markedly ameliorated tubular injury, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration, mitigated renal fibrosis, reinstated the expression of proteins associated with ferroptosis in renal tissues, and reduced iron overload, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial damage in UOX-/- mice. Additionally, we found that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) propagates ferroptosis-induced renal injury, inflammation and fibrosis, albeit without directly facilitating ferroptosis. Finally, ferroptosis and RAGE upregulation were validated in renal tissues of patients with hyperuricemia-related kidney disease. Collectively, our research elucidates the critical contribution of ferroptosis to HN pathogenesis, indicating that therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis and the related RAGE signaling may offer novel therapeutic approaches for managing this condition.