Dual mechanical impact of β-escin on model lipid membranes

Abstract

Using artificially reconstituted membranes based on structurally liquidlike phospholipids, we have performed an experimental study on the mechanical impact of the saponin {beta}-aescin, aka escin, a natural biosurfactant extracted from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum. The paper focusses on the modulable interaction of escin with DMPC in model membranes in the form of bilayer vesicles and Langmuir monolayers. As regarding to their dual mechanical membrane behavior being both soft solids and viscoelastic fluids, we have outlined the principal energetic and kinetic features describing the insertion of escin as transversally adsorbed or longitudinally integrated within the model membranes. At connection with the structural phase behavior assessed by dedicated microscopies of surface fluorescence and Brewster angle reflectivity, these hybrid escin / phospholipid membranes have been revealed to possess dual mechanical properties connected to their structural rigidness and fluidity behaving both in one way and another. In particular, we observe a soft glassy rheology typical for liquid-crystalline ordered phases at low temperature, which turns into a fluidlike viscoelasticity characteristic of the disordered phases at high physiological temperature. These original results have been discussed in a physicochemical perspective that may pave new avenues of material engineering and / or pharmacological design exploiting the dual mechanical impact of escin as a mechanical modulator of the cellular membrane.