4D Biomimetic Morphing Hydrogel Scaffold via Biaxial Gradient Programming
Aixiang Ding, Kaelyn L. Gasvoda, Eben Alsberg
This paper develops a biaxial gradient-programmed 4D hydrogel system that enables precise, non-uniform shape morphing and supports cell-laden biofabrication for biomimetic tissue engineering.
bioRxiv · Jul 29, 2026 · PreprintBioengineering