Evolutionary adaptation of helminth immunomodulators to their hosts
Beatrice Ward, Abhishek Jamwal, Florent Colomb, Adefunke Ogunkanbi, Olivia Fleming, Sophie Darroch, Findlay A J Donnelly, Lucy Gregory, Danielle J. Smyth, Amy B. Pedersen, Lewis Stevens, E. Suzanne Cohen, Matthew K. Higgins, Henry J. McSorley
This study investigates the evolutionary adaptation of helminth immunomodulators by analyzing the ARI family in different nematode species and their interactions with host IL-33 and heparan sulphate.
bioRxiv · Sep 4, 2026 · PreprintImmunology