Author

Emma Hilton-Balfe

University of St Andrews

Listed by name: these papers carry no ORCID for this author, so different people with the same name may be mixed together.

Biology Disciplines

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Biochemistry· 1

Signature Assays, Organisms & Methods

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Organism:bacteria (other)· 1 Research Focus:cell signaling & trafficking· 1 Approach:experimental assay· 1 Research Focus:host-pathogen & immune response· 1

Frequent Co-Authors

Malcolm F. WhiteiD· 1 shared Peter J. WotherspooniD· 1 shared Sabine Grüschow· 1 shared Shirley GrahamiD· 1 shared

Activity by Year

2026-2026 · peak 1/yr

Co-Author Collaboration Network

4 top collaborators · 6 mutual co-author links

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1 shared paperBiochemistry

Malcolm F. WhiteORCID

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1 paper

Recent·Most cited

Cyclic tri-adenylate signalling by a Panoptes anti-phage guard system with a CARF-TM effector

Sabine Grüschow, Peter J. Wotherspoon, Emma Hilton-Balfe, Shirley Graham, Malcolm F. White

The paper shows the type II Panoptes system generates cyclic tri-adenylate (cA3) to keep a CARF-TM effector inactive, and its degradation leads to membrane permeabilization and growth arrest.

bioRxiv · Mar 14, 2026 · PreprintBiochemistry