A hidden protamine PTM code in sperm generates heterogeneous chromatin states and finetunes reproductive fitness
Lindsay Moritz, Christopher J. Woodilla, Ritvija Agrawal, Mashiat Rabbani, Samantha B. Schon, Wen Qin Xie, Catherine A. Tower, Sowmya Srinivasan, Yi Sheng, Michael R. Baldwin, Patrick O’Brien, Rex A. Hess, Kyle E. Orwig, Sy Redding, Saher Sue Hammoud
This study shows that protamine PTMs create heterogeneous chromatin states in sperm, affecting fertility and chromatin integrity.
bioRxiv · Nov 18, 2025 · PreprintMolecular Biology