Establishment of snake venom gland organoids from a novel family, Colubridae
Stephanie A. French, Rachael Da Silva, Rohit N. Patel, Claire H Caygill, Shannon Quek, Adam Westhorpe, Jens Puschhof, Rebecca J. Edge, Charlotte A. Dawson, Edouard Crittenden, Paul D. Rowley, Zachary Holland, Stephen P. Mackessy, Cassandra Marie Modahl
This study establishes venom gland organoids from Colubridae snakes and shows in vitro toxin production.
bioRxiv · Mar 31, 2026 · PreprintBioengineering