Mode of T cell priming durably shapes the TCR repertoire, effector function and α4β1 integrin expression of human virus-specific CD4+ T cells
Elie Antoun, Guihai Liu, Deshni Jayathilaka, Xuan Yao, Timothy Rostron, Craig Waugh, Kevin Clark, Paul Sopp, Jeremy W. Fry, Tianyi Xia, Alexander J. Mentzer, Julian Knight, Yanchun Peng, Tao Dong
This study compares how natural infection versus vaccination primes human CD4+ T cells, showing differences in TCR diversity, effector function, and integrin expression years later.
bioRxiv · Aug 19, 2026 · PreprintImmunology