A hardwired neural circuit for temporal difference learning
Malcolm G Campbell, Yongsoo Ra, Zhiqin Chen, Sheng Hua Xu, Mark Burrell, Sara Matias, Mitsuko Watabe‐Uchida, Naoshige Uchida
The paper demonstrates that TD learning computations are hardwired into a dopamine circuit by showing optogenetic stimulation of NAc D1 neurons drives dopamine neuron spiking according to TD error.
bioRxiv · Sep 18, 2025 · PreprintNeuroscience