William S. Conrad

This study shows that mu-opioid receptor activation inhibits somatodendritic firing but enhances excitatory glutamate transmission at the habenulo-peduncular synapse.

The paper quantifies and maps neurotransmitter-defined cell types in VTA and SNc using fluorescent in situ hybridization, revealing diverse distributions and proportions.

This study shows that disrupting VGLUT1 in cholinergic medial habenula neurons increases nicotine self-administration, suggesting glutamate co-release opposes nicotine consumption.